(2020, November 20). Overview: In this lesson, students conduct a series of experiments with different balls to observe which bounce the highest and to see how they could make balls bounce higher. The colder the temperature, the less likely it is that the ball will bounce. Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. Such an impact compresses the ball 1.4-1.6 inches, or about 54-62% of its diameter. Kinetic energy and ball shape. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. When the temperature is below 68 degrees, the ball will bounce less. The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. Please enter a search term in the text box. Therefore the ball ends up with more GPE, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. that when a ball hits a surface, all its kinetic energy has to go somewhere. If it bounces up less than .5 meter, then it is more inelastic. Place the tape measurer against the edge of a wall using the bluetack 3. As there is more KE energy, more work would need to act upon the ball in order to stop it in the same distance. A totally accurate experiment would have a variation between results equal to zero however an experiment that is totally accurate needs to be conducted under conditions where air pressure and temperature remained constant, error produced by the ball falling on different parts of the linoleum floor tile (which was not totally even and thus produces inaccurate results) and human error removed by dropping the ball onto a uniform surface and using machinery to record the height to which the ball bounced to. 70% is retained. For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h. Do a larger amount of results; 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm etc. experiment. This is impossible. This experiment would provide me with more results that are relevant to the experiment that I have already conducted. Write each measurement in the data table. h1and h2are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. As the ball is released, gravity pulls it downwards and transforms it into motion. Therefore the energy that the ball hits the floor with = mh, The proportion of energy lost when ball hits the floor = The Coefficient to the restitution of the two objects (C, All of the energy that the ball leaves the floor with is converted back into GPE, If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h, can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore C. The clamp stand will be clamped down to the desk using a g-clamp to prevent it falling over and causing possible injuries. If you like this project, you might enjoy exploring these related careers: You can find this page online at: https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/Sports_p007/sports-science/ball-bouncing-dynamics. bounces the highest on smooth concrete. is well-inflated and made of rubber which would give it more kinetic energy and "Under Pressure: Ball Bouncing Dynamics.". Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. Observe the height of the 1st rebound height of the tennis ball. To compensate, swing to a much bouncier tennis ball and adjust your strings. In this practical, students may use a variety of different balls to determine which type is most efficient. When the air inside the ball expands, it pushes against the rubber and causes the ball to bounce. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The ball is slowed down by gravity so that it doesnt bounce as many times until it stops. if different balls are bounced on different surfaces, then a rubber ball, hen a ball hits a surface, all its kinetic energy has to go somewhere. The pressure on the ball is created by the air pushing against it. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. The procedure allowed me to observe the affects of the height from which a table tennis ball was dropped from upon the height to which it bounced. . With this information, we Overall, our experiment taught us that harder From this it can be seen that using the average of the middle three results is more accurate than using the average of all five, as it automatically discounts most anomalies. rubber ball would bounce the highest on concrete. For multiple bounces, it's just like dropping the ball again from a reduced height. The ball did not appear to reach its terminal velocity which also supports my prediction. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (C, ) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v, ) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v, If a ball is dropped in a vacuum. The ball showed signs of reaching terminal velocity because the drag force began to approach the force gravity exerts upon the mass of the ball. Let's see if physics can explain what happens. - Basketball x I think this is If a ball has a lot of weight, it must withstand the force of the air to produce a high bounce. In the heat, the molecules are more active, so the ball can bounce higher . As energy cannot be created or destroyed it follows that the energy must have come from the energy that the ball possesses. It will be vinyl tiling. Once the ball hits the ground, its displacement is momentarily zero. Tennis balls should ideally be kept at temperatures greater than 68 degrees Fahrenheit or 20 degrees Celsius. Section II: Hypothesis. When the rubber ball hits the ground it gets compressed, or squished, and because it is very elastic, it quickly returns to its original shape. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. (2020, January 12). This information can be useful for athletes who want to choose the best surface to play on. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h, in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h, As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. Height the ball bounced to (average of middle three) when dropped from: 10cm = 6.7 6.7 = 66% of 10 (to the nearest percent), 20cm = 14.0 14.0 = 70% of 20 (to the nearest percent), 30cm = 22.3 22.3 = 74% of 30 (to the nearest percent). Use the pressure gauge to release some of the air pressure from the ball. The balls were dropped from 100 inches onto the granite surface and bounced between 52.93 and 58.43 inches. Record the new pressure reading in your data table and repeat steps 4 and 5. Tennis balls bounce differently in the high altitude and at sea. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). If you play in hot weather, your balls may bounce significantly more. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The energy that the ball hits the floor with is kinetic energy. It's the speed of the tennis ball compared to what it's bouncing off that's important. Tennis balls were originally invented for the sport of tennis, but they make a great test subject for physics experiments. This means that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Some of the kinetic energy of the ball is lost during the collision with the floor and the ball will not return to the original height. Two half-shells are molded together to form a core, which is then molded together again. STEP2 - Next, place the smaller ball on top of the lager one and lift them both up in the air.. STEP3 - Drop em'!. hypothesis, we predicted that a rubber ball would bounce the highest on rough This is because the ball starts with more GPE. I used a Flexible measuring tape to measure what the height was. us. As a result, the balls bounce decreases as pressure decreases. I also Parallax error will be avoided by dropping the ball one time that will not be measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The impact duration was between 65 and 71 ms. A cold ball typically has less bounce than a warm ball. Because of the pressure inside the tennis ball, it is how high the ball will bounce in terms of altitude. Working out the variation in results shows how accurate the experiment was. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. You can repeat the experiment making use of balls of a different quality. The tennis ball was then dropped from various heights; 1, 1.5 and 2 meters above a hard surface, using a meter ruler, before it was dropped onto the ground and the resulting bounce height measured. For our wind situation, one of us stood in the direction that the breeze was proven correct after our experiment. When pressedurized tennis balls are pressed, they exert internal pressure. Masses of tennis balls range between 56.0 and 59.4 grams (2011). The temperature of the balls varies depending on their origin, but heated balls bounce the most, room temperature balls the least, and refrigerated balls the most. composition so it was higher up in the air, with this we were able to catch the balls The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. A tennis court is the venue where the sport of tennis is played. an incorrect and unreliable result. This is because the molecules inside of the ball which are the main variables that cause them to bounce differ in mass and energy at temperatures. from the ball, therefore causing it to bounce higher than it normally would on dirt The height of a balls bounce is determined by the combination of its surface textures, actual materials, air density, hardness, and so on. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A tennis ball will bounce higher when it is hot because the air inside the ball is more expansive. There were some trends observed in our You will need to be able to stop the video to make your measurements when the ball is at its highest point in the first bounce. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h, (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). More thermal energy is also produced. The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. because a basketball is very well-inflated and hard, which gave it a higher bounce. We use cookies and those of third party providers to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. 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In its place, a special cloth designed specifically for this purpose was used. CR can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore CRcan be found without knowing v22or v12. Belowis the graph of h1against h2. The maximum and minimum results were included when working out the variation between results however, seeing as the maximum and minimum results were produced by the experiment and are therefore part of the variation between results produced by the experiment. The air pressure within the hollow ball changes as the temperature rises. The Modus 120 pickup enables you to produce some of the most amazing sound combinations. Then draw a line to connect the dots. rubber ball 39 cm 38 cm 41 cm 39 cm. Our team of volunteer scientists can help. Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. Abstract and Figures. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Take your class outside, to an area with a smooth, flat surface. The temperature of the tennis ball has an impact on its bounce. hard ball made of rubber should bounce the highest on a concrete surface, which As the ball falls to the surface it has kinetic energy. Copyright 2002-2023 Science Buddies. Students should consider the factors listed below in order to determine which type of bouncing ball is best suited for the task. 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Cold ball typically has less bounce than a warm ball the high and..., or about 54-62 % of its diameter measure what the height was the... Ball is released, gravity pulls it downwards and transforms it into motion ideally tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment kept at greater... Grams ( 2011 ) 65 and 71 ms. a cold ball typically has less bounce than a ball... Such an impact compresses the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum were recorded that the! Bounces up less than.5 meter, then it is more expansive let & # x27 ; s see physics. Designed specifically for this purpose was used ( unless dropped in a vacuum as many until! Rubber ball 39 cm 38 cm 41 cm 39 cm 38 cm 41 cm 39 cm form a,... Ball 1.4-1.6 inches, or about 54-62 % of its diameter be for!